On this day, March 18, 1962, France and Algeria signed the Evan Accords. The Algerian interim government announced its desire to officially continue negotiations in the French city of Evian in a final round of negotiations that extended between March 7 and March 18 in 1962, when it was called the Evian Accords. And the National Liberation Front clearly defined its objectives, milestones, and means without excluding the peace option.
This came in a statement in November 1954: In order to avoid erroneous interpretations, and to demonstrate our true desire for peace, specifically for human losses and bloodshed, we have prepared for the French authorities a legitimate document for discussion if these authorities aim at goodwill and finally recognize the right to self-determination for the peoples who colonize them. ... Opening negotiations with representatives authorized by the Algerian people on the basis of recognition of Algerian sovereignty as an indivisible unit ... "
The method and approach of the National Liberation Front was clear in terms of the balance between military action at home and political and diplomatic activity. The political and economic situation in France worsened so that de Gaulle left no room to turn the military defeat into a political victory except by calling for negotiations with the provisional government of the Algerian Republic. He officially called on June 14, 1960 through his speech to sit around the negotiating table, and accordingly, the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic commissioned the two Messrs. Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia and Ahmed Boumendjel together to hold talks on June 25, 1960, with the French side in the city of Moulin, where this continued. The talks until June 29 of the same month, however, they ended in failure after France’s bad intentions were confirmed and the clear differences between the two parties on many of the core issues in which the French wanted to dictate their conditions in order to expedite the ceasefire only.
Farahat Abbas, head of the interim government of the Algerian Republic, explained in an appeal to the Algerian people on July 5, 1960 the position of his government regarding the talks of Moulin when he said: “When we took on the 20th of last June a decision to send a mission to France, we did not fail to mention that there are major differences Between us and the French government, and in Moulin, it became clear that these differences are greater than we thought ... Not only was there a convergence between the two sides' views, but our envoy found themselves facing a definite refusal to enter into negotiations ... Even in the negotiations, the French government stands by the stubborn colonial position and refuses Peer-to-peer discussion faculty ... "Consequently, the victories of the revolution continued despite the losses it suffered and the opportunity was missed over De Gaulle and his project" Algeria French "after the Algerian people responded to the call of the Front - during De Gaulle's visit to Algeria on December 9, 1960, when the people emerged in the most form of solidarity And patriotism in the December 11th demonstrations in 1960 spread across the various cities of Algeria from the capital, while on the external level, the missions of the National Liberation Front were active at all levels, forcing the de Gaulle government to return to the negotiating table.
With the efforts of the Swiss represented by Olivie Lang, the meetings between the delegations of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic and the French Government in Lucerne and Neuchatel brought together Ahmed Boumengel, Ahmed Francis and Saad Dahlab with representatives of the French government in Brackrock, and then Shaye. Later, Georges Pompidou Doulos met with Mr. Tayeb Boulahrouf in Neuchâtel.
The first Evan agreement was supposed to take place on April 7, 1961, but it was delayed due to France’s political situation, which deteriorated further, in addition to the Liberation Front’s rejection of the idea of involving other parties in the negotiations when Louis Joux announced on March 13, 1961 the intention of his country's government to involve the Algerian national movement and try Supporters of French Algeria from the extremist generals such as Salane, Goho and Zeller. The overthrow of President de Gaulle on April 22, 1961 also led to the postponement of negotiations until May 20, 1961, when the Algerian delegation met with Mr. Karim Belkacem, Mohamed Seddik Ben Yehia, Ahmed Francis, Saad Dahlab, Reda Malek and Ahmed Boumendjel By Mr. Louie Jukes, Claude Shay, and Bruno Doulos.
Despite the repeated sessions between May 20 and June 13, 1961, the core issues were not resolved, as they clashed once again with the insistence of the French party to discuss the ceasefire file in isolation from the rest of the files, prejudice the territorial integrity of Algeria within the framework of the policy of separating the Sahara, and the issue of trying to impose dual nationality for the French-Algerian However, the Algerian side refused to compromise on the basic principles approved by the November 1954 statement, and this was what prompted Mr. Louis Joux, head of the French delegation, to suspend negotiations on June 13, 1961, and the talks were continued at Le Grand between 20-28 July 1961, but to no avail. He made the Algerian negotiator give hackers, this time initiating his suspension due to the French government’s insistence on denying Algeria’s sovereignty over its Sahara, promoting a historical fallacy that the Sahara is an internal sea shared by all neighboring countries, with the aim of striking national unity, weakening the revolution, and inciting neighboring countries against it. Thus, the talks were suspended due to the divergence of views between the two parties, especially with regard to territorial integrity.
The Provisional Government did not start its contacts until after it obtained an explicit recognition in the speech of French President Charles de Gaulle on September 5, 1961, which included France’s recognition of Algeria’s sovereignty over its Sahara. The French city of Evian, where Karim Belkacem, Saad Dahleb, Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, Lakhdar Ben Tobal, Mohamed Yazid, Ammar Ben Odeh Ridha Malik and Saghir Mustafa met with the French delegation: Louis Joux, Robert Perron, Bernard Trico, Bruno de Luce, Claude Shayi and General De Camas in a final round of negotiations that extended Between March 7 and March 18, 1962, it culminated in the announcement of the signing of the Evian Accords, the approval of a ceasefire, the approval of a transitional phase, and the holding of the self-determination referendum.
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